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Legume Bacteria That Fixate Nitrogen Non-legume Bacteria That Fixate Nitrogen Other Beneficial Bacteria Beneficial Bacteria in Garden Soil
***************************************************Legume Bacteria that Fixate Nitrogen:
Rhizobium bacteria can colonize legume roots and convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen that is useful to the plant. For maximum nitrogen fixation, legumes must be terminated after blooming begins but before seeds begin to form. Seed formation will use up the nitrogen.
Listed below are links which specify which bacteria are ideal for each legume.
Australian Research USDA University of Hawaii - cross inoculation
Inoculating the soil after planting can be effective.
University of Hawaii - soil inoculation
Some legumes will fix more nitrogen than others. Listed here are links which rank legumes by level of fixation.
NCBI - analysis of fenugreek, faba, vetch, etc. FAO - nitrogen fixation rankings USDA Farmers Bulletin 2003 - Legume Inoculation Australian Society of Agronomy - fenugreek rhizobia Nitrogen fixers ranked
Some plants have a tendency to form HUP+ bacterial associations depending on the environment. When this occurs, nitrogen does not leak out of the root nodules to become available for the rhizosphere. This may reduce the effectiveness of these plants in intercropping systems; soy, lupine, cowpea, pea, alder, black locust.
HUP+ symbionts
Under reasonable conditions, some rhizobia inoculations survive at useful levels for about 2-3 years without the proper leguminous host plants.
Survival of Rhizobia Without a Host Rhizobial longevity Research Review Endurance of bacteria
Miscellaneous links on the subject are listed below.
FAO - broad research of every aspect Nodulation examples eOrganic - rhizobia Manufacture of Inoculants in New Zealand Microbial Inoculant - Wikipedia***************************************************
Most of these non-legume bacteria are naturally occurring and are encouraged by grass roots. Research to date has been inconsistant. Instead of buying these inoculums, a better approach may be to simply include grass family members in your vegetable rotation.
Frankia Research Gate - bacterial endophytes ASM - inoculation has no effect or is inconsistant Auburn - Pseudomonas and Bacillus for vegetables Genetically Modified Bacteria***************************************************
Links to general bio-control research:
History of Modern Biotechnology - growth stimulants EPPO - bio-controls
******* Streptomyces lydicus:
Streptomyces lydicus is a saprophytic Actinomycete which suppresses harmful fungus. Especially useful on okra against cotton root rot. Originally isolated from flax roots.
Bacteria for plant growth promotion.********
Chitin is a compound found in shell of crab, lobster, shrimp, snail, fish scale, etc. It will encourage Streptomyces lydicus which will suppress harmful fungi.
Science Direct
******** Azospirillum brasilense:
Azospirillum brasilense stimulates nutrient uptake in plants.
NCBI
******* Crown Gall: Agrobacterium radiobacteria - prevent crown gall Agrobacterium radiobacteria - Pacific Northwest crown gall*******
Mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) examples: Ralstonia basilensis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, etc.
WikipediaGarden for Nutrition Index